Specificity At least one real, specific project, moment or incident is described in detail — not just named. No sentence relies only on adjectives ("passionate," "hardworking," "prestigious") without evidence behind it. At least one specific number, result or outcome appears somewhere in the draft.
Structure The opening doesn't start with a dictionary-definition or overly generic statement. Background, program fit and future goal connect in a clear, logical thread — not three disconnected paragraphs. The conclusion doesn't just repeat the introduction in different words.
Program fit The draft names something specific about this program (a course, faculty, lab, structure) — not just the university's general reputation. The stated reason for choosing this program couldn't be copy-pasted unchanged into an application for a different one.
Visa-linked applications (if applicable) Genuine study intent, funding and ties to home country are addressed clearly, if this SOP is part of a visa application. Every fact in the SOP is consistent with your application form and supporting documents.
Before you submit Read the draft aloud once — anything that sounds unnatural or overly formal has been revised. A second person has read it and can summarize your main point back to you accurately.